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Swarnakumari Devi
Swarnakumari Devi ((ベンガル語:স্বর্ণকুমারী দেবী)) (28 August 1855 – 3 July 1932) was an Indian poet, novelist, musician and social worker.〔Sengupta, Subodh Chandra and Bose, Anjali (editors), 1976/1998, ''Sansad Bangali Charitabhidhan'' (Biographical dictionary) Vol I, , pp. 609-610, ISBN 81-85626-65-0〕〔Devi Choudhurani, Indira, ''Smritisamput'', , Rabindrabhaban, Viswabharati, pp.16-26.〕 She was the first among the women writers in Bengali to gain prominence.〔Banerjee, Hiranmay, ''Thakurbarir Katha'', , p. 119, Sishu Sahitya Sansad.〕
==Family and early life==
She was the fourth amongst the daughters of Debendranath Tagore and was a granddaughter of Dwarkanath Tagore. Three of her sisters, Soudamini, Sukumari and Saratkumari, were older than she was. Barnakumari was the youngest sister. Soudamini was one of the earliest students of Bethune School. Others in the Tagore family had followed her, but it seems that Swarnakumari had her education primarily at home.〔 She was five years older than Rabindranath Tagore.〔
There was an environment of education in the Jorasanko Thakur Bari, particularly with Hemendranath, Debendranath’s third son, being enthusiastic about it. In his memoirs Rabindranath wrote, “We learnt much more at home than we had to at school.” Swarnakumari has recalled how in her early days the governess would write something on a slate which the girls then had to copy. When Debendranath discovered this, he at once stopped such a mindless and mechanical method and brought in a better teacher, Ajodhyanath Pakrashi – a male outsider in the women’s quarters…〔Deb, Chitra, ''Jorasanko and the Thakur Family'', in ''Calcutta, the Living City'', Vol I, edited by Sukanta Chaudhuri, p. 66, Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-563696-1〕
Swarnakumari had a great capability of picking up friendship with other girls from an early age. As per the custom of the day, each pair of friends had a common name, which they used to call each other. Swarnakumari had many friends – Mistihasi, Milan, Bihangini and so on.
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